A smartphone (or smart phone) is a mobile phone
with an operating system.Smartphones typically include the features of a phone
with those of another popular consumer device, such as a personal digital
assistant, a digital camera, a media player, and/or a GPS navigation unit.
Later smartphones include all of those plus the features of a touchscreen
computer, including web browsing, Wi-Fi, 3rd-party apps, motion sensor, mobile
payment and 3G.
In 2007, Apple Inc. introduced the iPhone, one of
the first mobile phones to use a multi-touch interface. The iPhone was notable
for its use of a large touchscreen for direct finger input as its main means of
interaction, instead of a stylus, keyboard, or keypad typical for smartphones
at the time. 2008 saw the release of the first phone to use Android called the
HTC Dream (also known as the T-Mobile G1).Android is an open-source platform
founded by Andy Rubin and backed by Google. Although Android's adoption was
relatively slow at first, it started to gain widespread popularity in 2010, and
now dominates the market.
Both of these platforms led to the drop of the
previous leading companies. Microsoft, for instance, started a new OS from
scratch, in the form of Windows Phone, which is now the third largest OS. Nokia
abandoned Symbian and partnered with Microsoft to use Windows Phone on its
smartphones. Palm was bought by Hewlett-Packard, turned into webOS, and later
demised. BlackBerry also made a new system from scratch, BlackBerry 10.
The capacitive touchscreen also had a knock-on
effect on cheaper
smart phones form factors. Before 2007 it was common for devices to have a
numeric keypad or QWERTY keyboard in either a candybar or sliding form factor.
However, by 2010, there were no top-tier smartphones with numeric keypads. As
of 2014, BlackBerry Limited – with a 0.6% share of the market in Q4 2013 – is
the sole remaining brand of high-end smartphones with physical keyboards.
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