Structure and composition of wind turbines

Wind turbine is the wind energy into electrical energy, their capacity can be divided into: Small (10kw or less), medium (10-100kw) and large (100kw above) wind turbines. According to the relative position of the spindle and the ground can be divided into: horizontal axis wind turbine and vertical axis wind turbines. Horizontal axis wind turbine is a form of the world's most successful wind turbine, wind turbine main advantage is that you can set up to a higher place from the ground, thus reducing ground disturbance due to the dynamic characteristics of the wind turbine. It is the main mechanical parts are in the cabin, such as the spindle, gear box, generator, hydraulic systems, and the adjustment device and the like. The national production of small vertical axis wind turbine, mainly due to the low efficiency of vertical axis wind turbines, to be the boot device, but also some technical issues to be resolved.

Medium-sized wind turbine is the hub by blades, wheels, spindles, up gearbox, steering mechanism, generators, tower, control systems and ancillary components (cabin frame brake rotors, etc.) composed.

(A) cabin

Cabin contains key equipment of wind turbines, including gearboxes, generators and so on.

(2) the wind wheel

Said blade is mounted on a wheel hub style, which includes a blade, wheel hubs, spindles, etc. Wind turbine is a wind turbine to accept wind energy components. Blades are the most critical components of a wind turbine, a modern wind turbine rotor blades each measuring length is approximately 20 m blade number is usually 2 or 3, most of the rotor blades of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP) manufacturing. Can be divided into variable pitch blades and two blade fixed pitch, and its role is to speed when the wind reaches the rated wind speed wind turbine design, it is necessary to take measures on the wind turbine, wind turbine in order to ensure output power does not exceed the allowable value. Is connected to the blade hub and spindle components. Wheel generally consists of cast or welded steel, which does not allow slag, sand holes, cracks and other defects, then the blade can withstand the maximum centrifugal load to design. Also known as low-speed spindle axis, the axis of the rotor and gearbox together, bear larger torque due to its speed is generally less than 50r / min, usually from high-strength alloy steel.

(3) the growth rate is

Accelerator is the gear box, is one of the key components of wind turbines. Since the wind turbine operate at low speed, the generator operates at a high speed, the use of matching the growth rate to achieve a gearbox. Use low speed wind turbine gearbox on the rotor, high torque can be converted to high speed generator on the lower torque for.

(4) Coupling

Gearbox with shaft coupling between the generator and, in order to reduce floor space, often coupling and brake design together.

(5) Brakes

The brake is to stop the rotation of the wind turbine device, also known as the brake.

(6) Generators

Wind turbine generator is the most critical component is the wind eventually converted into electrical energy equipment. Good or bad performance of the generator directly affect the overall efficiency and reliability. Large wind turbines (100-150 kW) typically produces 690 volt three-phase alternating current. Then the current through the transformer wind turbine next to (or in the tower), the voltage is increased to 1-3 million volts, depending on the standard of local grid. Commonly used on wind turbine generators are the following:

① DC generator, commonly used in the micro, small wind generators.

② permanent magnet generator, commonly used on small wind turbines. China has now invented the AC voltage 440 / 240V high efficiency permanent magnet alternator, can be made much on low speed, especially for wind turbines.

③ synchronous or asynchronous AC generator which armature magnetic field is not synchronized with the main rotation, the speed is slightly lower than the synchronous speed, the speed should be increased when the grid.

(7) of the tower

Wind turbine tower is supporting bracket. A type of steel structure of the tower, there are three forms of conical steel and reinforced concrete, etc., wind turbine towers and rotor containing a cabin.

(8) speeder

Wind speed is changed, the speed of the wind wheel will wind speed changes. To make wind wheel driving apparatus required under the rated speed is called speeder, speeder just above rated wind speed at the time. Currently speeder used in the world are the following:

① pitch of variable speed control device;

② given speeder tip stall pitch control;

③ centrifugal fly ball speed control device;

④ aerodynamic control devices;

⑤ turned, looking upward speeder.

(9) adjusted to (yaw) device

The device is adjusted so that the wheel has been aligned with the wind so that the wind when the wind wheel device functioning. With the motor to rotate the nacelle so that the rotor facing the wind. Yaw device consists of an electronic controller operation, the electronic controller can feel the wind through the vane. Usually when the wind changes its direction, the wind turbine will deflect a few degrees.

(10) wind turbines microcomputer control system

Computer control of wind turbines are discrete control, is the wind vane, anemometer, wind wheel speed, the generator voltage, frequency, current, generator temperature, the growth rate of temperature rise, the cabin vibration, tower vibration, cable too winding, grid voltage, current, frequency sensor signal by the a / D conversion, and then transported to the microcontroller design program gives various commands for automatic start, automatic transfer to automatic control, automatic grid, automatically splitting, run the automatic shutdown of unit failure, automatic cable unwinding, vibration shutdown, automatic control over the winds stop and the like. Self failure diagnosis and fault output terminal computer needs repair failure, after repairs to the computer by maintenance personnel to instruction, computer and then perform an automatic control program. Unit group of wind farms can achieve network management, mutual communication, faulty wind a chance to read out on the PC computer terminals and monitors terminus, tune out the program and modify the program, so that modern Wind Solar Power System truly a scene nobody duty automatic control.

(11) Cable twisted cable counter

Cable is used to carry the current from wind turbines to the important device under the tower. But when the wind accidentally deflected in one direction for too long, the cable will become distorted, leading to broken cable or other failure occurs. So wind turbines are equipped with cable twist counter to alert the operator should untie the cable. Wind turbines will be equipped with a pull switch is activated when the cable is twisted too much, disconnect the device, or the brakes down, and then unlock the cable.

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